Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material, most commonly silicon, whose electrical conductivity lies between that of a conductor such as copper and an insulator such as glass. Semiconductors are the foundation of modern electronics.

How they work

The conductivity of a semiconductor can be precisely controlled by adding tiny amounts of impurities, a process called doping. This allows the creation of components that switch and amplify electrical signals.

Uses

Semiconductors are used to make transistors, diodes and integrated circuits — the building blocks of computers, smartphones and almost all electronic devices. The microprocessor is built from millions or billions of tiny semiconductor transistors.

Frequently asked questions

What is a semiconductor made of?

Usually silicon, sometimes germanium or compound materials.

Why are semiconductors important?

They are the basis of all modern electronic devices.